1) Sulfuryl chloride, SO2Cl2, is a highly reactive gaseous compound. When heated, it decomposes as follows.
SO2Cl2(g) <===> SO2(g) + Cl2(g)
This decomposition is endothermic. A sample of 3.509 grams of SO2Cl2 is placed in an evacuated 1.00-liter bulb and the temperature is raised to 375 K.
(a) What would be the pressure in atmospheres in the bulb if no dissociation of the SO2Cl2(g) occurred?
(b) When the system has come to equilibrium at 375 K, the total pressure in the bulb is found to be 1.43 atmospheres. Calculate the partial pressures of SO2, Cl2, and SO2Cl2 at equilibrium at 375 K.
(c) Give the expression for the equilibrium constant (either Kp or Kc) for the decomposition of SO2Cl2(g) at 375 K. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant you have given, and specify its units.
(d) If the temperature were raised to 500 K, what effect would this have on the equilibrium constant? Explain briefly.
2) CO(g) + 2 H2(g) <===> CH3OH(l)
For this reaction, DH° = -128.1 kilojoules
| DHf° (kJ mol¯1) | DGf° (kJ mol¯1) | S° (J mol¯1 K¯1) | |
| CO(g) | -110.5 | -137.3 | +197.9 |
| CH3OH(l) | -238.6 | -166.2 | +126.8 |
The data in the table above were determined at 25 °C.
(a) Calculate DG° for the reaction above at 25 °C.
(b) Calculate Keq for the reaction above at 25 °C.
(c) Calculate DS° for the reaction above at 25 °C.
(d) In the table above, there are no data for H2. What are the values of DHf°, DGf°, and of the absolute entropy, S°, for H2 at 25 °C?
3) The molecular weight of a monoprotic acid HX was to be determined. A sample of 15.126 grams of HX was dissolved in distilled water and the volume brought to exactly 250.00 milliliters in a volumetric flask. Several 50.00-milliliter portions of this solution were titrated against NaOH solution, requiring an average of 38.21 milliliters of NaOH.
The NaOH solution was standardized against oxalic acid dihydrate, H2C2O4 . 2 H2O (molecular weight: 126.066 gram mol¯1). The volume of NaOH solution required to neutralize 1.2596 grams of oxalic acid dihydrate was 41.24 milliliters.
(a) Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution.
(b) Calculate the number of moles of HX in a 50.00-milliliter portion used for titration.
(c) Calculate the molecular weight of HX.
(d) Discuss the effect on the calculated molecular weight of HX if the sample of oxalic acid dihydrate contained a nonacidic impurity.
4) Graphical methods are frequently used to analyze data and obtain desired quantities.
(a) 2 HI(g) -----> H2(g) + I2(g)
The following data give the value of the rate constant at various temperatures for the gas phase reaction above.
| T(k) | 647 | 666 | 683 | 700 | 716 |
| k (liter/mole sec) | 8.58 x 10¯5 | 2.19 x10¯4 | 5.11 x 10¯4 | 1.17 x 10¯3 | 2.50 x 10¯3 |
Describe, without doing calculations, how a graphical method can be used to obtain the activation energy for this reaction.
(b) A(g) -----> B(g) + C(g)
The following data give the partial pressure of A as a function of time and were obtained at 100 °C for the reaction above.
| PA(mm Hg) | 348 | 247 | 185 | 105 | 58 |
| t(sec) | 0 | 600 | 1,200 | 2,400 | 3,600 |
Describe, without doing calculations, how graphs can be used to determine whether this reaction is first or second order in A and how these graphs are used to determine the rate constant.
The diagram above represents the molecular-orbital energy-level diagram for the NO molecule.
(a) Draw an analogous diagram for NO+ and one for NO¯. Label the molecular orbitals.
(b) On the basis of these diagrams, compare the bond strengths, the bond lengths, and the bond orders for NO+ and NO¯.
(c) Which, if any, of these two species is paramagnetic? Explain your reasoning.
(a) Specify the properties of a buffer solution. Describe the components and the composition of effective buffer solutions.
(b) An employer is interviewing four applicants for a job as a laboratory technician and asks each how to prepare a buffer solution with a pH close to 9.
Archie A. says he would mix acetic acid and sodium acetate solutions.
Beula B. says she would mix NH4Cl and HCl solutions.
Carla C. says she would mix NH4Cl and NH3 solutions.
Dexter D. says he would mix NH3 and NaOH solutions.
Which of these applicants has given an appropriate procedure? Explain your answer, referring to your discussion in part (a). Explain what is wrong with the erroneous procedures. (No calculations are necessary, but the following acidity constants may be helpful: acetic acid, Ka = 1.8 x 10¯5, NH4+, Ka = 5.6 x 10¯10)
7) The transition metal complex ion, [Co(NH2CH2CH2NH2)2Cl2]+, has an octahedral shape and exists as two geometric isomers.
(a) Draw the structural formulas for the two geometrical isomers.
(b) One of the geometrical isomers exists as two optical isomers. Draw the structural formulas for the two optical isomers.
(c) How many moles of AgCl would be immediately precipitated when excess AgNO3 solution is added to an aqueous solution containing 1 mole of [Co(NH2CH2CH2NH2)2Cl2]Cl, the chloride salt of the transition metal complex? Explain your reasoning.
8) Ti3+ + HOBr <===> TiO2+ + Br¯ (in acid solution)
(a) Write the correctly balanced half-reaction and net ionic equation for the skeletal equation shown above.
(b) Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in this reaction.
(c) A galvanic cell is constructed that utilizes the reaction above. The concentration of each species is 0.10-molar. Compare the cell voltage that will be observed with the standard cell potential. Explain your reasoning.
(d) Give one example of a property of this reaction, other than the cell voltage, that can be calculated from the standard cell potential, E°. State the relationship between E° and the property you have specified.
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